Configure IP address¶
NetworkManagement¶
การควบคุม network configuration แบบ manual คือการแก้ไขโดยตรงไปยัง ไฟล์ ที่อยู่ใน /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ หลังจากทำการแก้ไขแล้วก็ให้ทำการ reload ผ่านทาง NetworkManager ด้วยคำสั่ง nmcli con reload
การใช้งาน NetworkManager สามารถใช้ได้ดังนี้
nmtuiใช้งานผ่านทาง text user interfacenmcliใช้งานผ่านทาง commandline
Basic Command¶
nmcli & ip command¶
รูปแบบคำสั่ง ip:
ip OBJECT COMMAND
ip [options] OBJECT COMMAND
ip OBJECT help
*. แสดงข้อมูลทุก network interface
ip a
--หรือ--
ip addr
*. แสดงผล ipv4 ipv6
### Only show TCP/IP IPv4 ##
ip -4 a
### Only show TCP/IP IPv6 ###
ip -6 a
*. แสดงผลบาง interface
### Only show eth0 interface ###
ip a show eth0
ip a list eth0
ip a show dev eth0
### Only show running interfaces ###
ip link ls up
*. กำหนด ip ให้แก่ interface
### syntax
ip a add {ip_addr/mask} dev {interface}
### ตัวอย่าง กำหนด ip 192.168.1.200 ให้แก่ interface eth0
ip a add 192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0 dev eth0
*. ลบ ip จาก interface
### syntax
ip a del {ipv6_addr_OR_ipv4_addr} dev {interface}
### ตัวอย่าง
ip a del 192.168.1.200/24 dev eth0
*. เปลี่ยน สถานะของ Dev (interface)
### Syntax
ip link set dev {DEVICE} {up|down}
### ตัวอย่าง
ip link set dev eth1 up
ip link set dev eth1 down
*. เปลี่ยนค่า MTU
### syntax
ip link set mtu {NUMBER} dev {DEVICE}
### ตัวอย่าง
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth0
ip a list eth0
#. แสดงค่า neighbour/apr cache
ip n show
ip neigh show
(result)
192.168.89.123 dev wlp2s0 lladdr 08:5b:0e:a0:d1:0e STALE
192.168.50.95 dev enp3s0 lladdr 78:48:59:16:41:21 REACHABLE
192.168.89.254 dev wlp2s0 lladdr 00:1a:1e:24:aa:10 STALE
- ความหมาย
- STALE – The neighbour is valid, but is probably already unreachable, so the kernel will try to check it at the first transmission
- DELAY – A packet has been sent to the stale neighbour and the kernel is waiting for confirmation.
- REACHABLE – The neighbour is valid and apparently reachable.
#. แสดง routing table
### syntax
ip r
ip r list
ip r list [options]
ip route
(result)
default via 192.168.50.95 dev enp3s0 proto static metric 100
default via 192.168.89.123 dev wlp2s0 proto static metric 600
192.168.1.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.69 metric 425 linkdown
192.168.50.0/24 dev enp3s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.168 metric 100
192.168.89.0/24 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.89.94 metric 600
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown
### แสดง route ระบุ subnet
ip r list 192.168.50.0/24
192.168.50.0/24 dev enp3s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.168 metric 100
ติดตั้ง nmtui:
# dnf install NetworkManager-tui
(result)
Last metadata expiration check: 1:26:00 ago on Sun Jul 3 20:03:42 2016.
Dependencies resolved.
==================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================
Installing:
NetworkManager-tui x86_64 1:1.2.2-2.fc24 updates 196 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 196 k
Installed size: 258 k
Is this ok [y/N]:
# nmtui
แสดง network configuration
# ip -V
ip utility, iproute2-ss160111
# ip a
(result)
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 54:ee:75:8a:86:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.69/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp3s0
valid_lft 84893sec preferred_lft 84893sec
inet6 fe80::3964:9f02:60f4:3751/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ip r
(result)
default via 192.168.1.1 dev enp3s0 proto static metric 100
192.168.1.0/24 dev enp3s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.69 metric 100
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 linkdown
# nmcli con show
(result)
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp3s0 86ad9274-8e34-3085-bd6b-6b67a1024ff7 802-3-ethernet enp3s0
virbr0 3ef73c1b-e369-44dc-8914-48883472c5ce bridge virbr0
# nmcli dev status
(result)
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
enp3s0 ethernet connected enp3s0
lo loopback unmanaged --
# nmcli con show enp3s0
(result)
connection.id: enp3s0
connection.uuid: 86ad9274-8e34-3085-bd6b-6b67a1024ff7
connection.interface-name: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: -999
connection.timestamp: 1467557036
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions:
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries:
connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0
connection.metered: unknown
connection.lldp: -1 (default)
802-3-ethernet.port: --
802-3-ethernet.speed: 0
802-3-ethernet.duplex: --
802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate: yes
802-3-ethernet.mac-address: 54:EE:75:8A:86:09
802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address: --
802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:
802-3-ethernet.mtu: auto
802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:
802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype: --
802-3-ethernet.s390-options:
802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan: 1 (default)
802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password: --
ipv4.method: auto
ipv4.dns:
ipv4.dns-search:
ipv4.dns-options: (default)
ipv4.addresses:
ipv4.gateway: --
ipv4.routes:
ipv4.route-metric: -1
ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no
ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no
ipv4.dhcp-client-id: --
ipv4.dhcp-timeout: 0
ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
ipv4.dhcp-hostname: --
ipv4.dhcp-fqdn: --
ipv4.never-default: no
ipv4.may-fail: yes
ipv4.dad-timeout: -1 (default)
ipv6.method: auto
ipv6.dns:
ipv6.dns-search:
ipv6.dns-options: (default)
ipv6.addresses:
ipv6.gateway: --
ipv6.routes:
ipv6.route-metric: -1
ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no
ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no
ipv6.never-default: no
ipv6.may-fail: yes
ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown)
ipv6.addr-gen-mode: stable-privacy
ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes
ipv6.dhcp-hostname: --
GENERAL.NAME: enp3s0
GENERAL.UUID: 86ad9274-8e34-3085-bd6b-6b67a1024ff7
GENERAL.DEVICES: enp3s0
GENERAL.STATE: activated
GENERAL.DEFAULT: yes
GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no
GENERAL.VPN: no
GENERAL.ZONE: --
GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: /
GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: --
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.1.69/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
IP4.DNS[1]: 192.168.1.1
IP4.DNS[2]: 117.121.222.222
DHCP4.OPTION[1]: requested_routers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[2]: requested_domain_search = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[3]: requested_time_offset = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[4]: requested_domain_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[5]: requested_rfc3442_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[6]: requested_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[7]: requested_wpad = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[8]: requested_broadcast_address = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[9]: next_server = 0.0.0.0
DHCP4.OPTION[10]: broadcast_address = 192.168.1.255
DHCP4.OPTION[11]: requested_interface_mtu = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[12]: requested_subnet_mask = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[13]: expiry = 1467641649
DHCP4.OPTION[14]: dhcp_lease_time = 86400
DHCP4.OPTION[15]: ip_address = 192.168.1.69
DHCP4.OPTION[16]: requested_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[17]: dhcp_message_type = 5
DHCP4.OPTION[18]: requested_domain_name_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[19]: requested_nis_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[20]: requested_ntp_servers = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[21]: subnet_mask = 255.255.255.0
DHCP4.OPTION[22]: routers = 192.168.1.1
DHCP4.OPTION[23]: domain_name_servers = 192.168.1.1 117.121.222.222
DHCP4.OPTION[24]: requested_ms_classless_static_routes = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[25]: requested_nis_domain = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[26]: network_number = 192.168.1.0
DHCP4.OPTION[27]: requested_host_name = 1
DHCP4.OPTION[28]: dhcp_server_identifier = 192.168.1.1
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::3964:9f02:60f4:3751/64
IP6.GATEWAY:
set static ip¶
เนื่องจาก enp3s0 เป็นการกำหนดแบบ ipv4.method auto หมายถึง เป็นแบบ dhcp เปลี่ยนให้เป็น static ip ด้วยวิธีการดังนี้ * การกำหนดค่า ip เช่น ‘192.168.1.69/24 ‘ ให้แก่ ตัวแปร ipv4.address * เปลี่ยน gateway ให้เป็น 192.168.1.1 * และเปลี่ยนค่า ipv4.method ให้เป็น manual
nmcli con mod enp3s0 ipv4.addresses "192.168.1.69/24"
nmcli con mod enp3s0 ipv4.gateway "192.168.1.1"
nmcli con mod enp3s0 ipv4.method manual
เปลี่ยนค่าทันที
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp3s0
HWADDR=54:EE:75:8A:86:09
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp3s0
UUID=86ad9274-8e34-3085-bd6b-6b67a1024ff7
ONBOOT=yes
AUTOCONNECT_PRIORITY=-999
IPADDR=192.168.1.69
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
# nmcli con del enp3s0 –หรือ # nmcli con del 86ad9274-8e34-3085-bd6b-6b67a1024ff7